![]() ![]() Regardless of cause, progressive inspiratory dyspnea is the primary sign observed in affected cattle. Pharyngeal abscesses and retropharyngeal cellulitis may occur following traumatic injury to the mouth when an animal is treated with oral medication or may arise in calves with no history of pharyngeal trauma. Pharyngeal abscesses and necrotic laryngitis are probably the most common acquired causes of obstruction. Impingement into the upper airway by soft tissue masses such as pharyngeal abscesses, retropharyngeal cellulitis, necrotic laryngitis, pyogranulomatous swellings (e.g., wooden tongue), enlarged lymph nodes, neoplasms, foreign bodies, or enlarged maxillary sinuses compose the majority of lesions. Most of the lesions represent enlargement or inflammation of tissues and structures external to the airway itself. All restraint of the head and neck should be relaxed, and the animal should be allowed to “get its breath.” Continued restraint during these situations will result in asphyxiation of the animal.Īlthough the prognosis for congenital lesions varies with the specific diagnosis, generally it is guarded to poor.Īcquired mechanical or obstructive lesions of the upper airway may occur in calves or adult cattle. When a dyspneic animal struggles during examination, usually it is anoxic, frightened, and extremely anxious. Misinterpreting anoxic patient struggling as wildness requiring additional physical restraint is a frequent, and potentially fatal, error in judgment made by inexperienced clinicians. A tracheostomy should be considered to allow safe diagnostic manipulation. Regardless of cause, symptomatic or supportive treatment may be necessary before diagnostic procedures are performed in calves with severe dyspnea, lest the stress of examination or endoscopy induce anoxia. Other conditions such as laryngeal malformations and skull anomalies have a poor prognosis. ![]() Therefore referral of such cases to veterinary surgeons experienced in upper airway surgery is recommended so that complete excision of the secretory epithelium can be completed. Simple drainage or drainage with cautery of cystic lesions is not likely to be successful. Cystic conditions may be the most treatable because surgical removal offers some hope of being curative. Method of treatment depends on the specific lesions found. ![]()
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